Frogs are a fascinating amphibian species which are also a keystone of the Virginia ecosystem. While frogs are found on every continent except Antarctica, Virginia is home to 27 species of frogs and toads. But wait- what’s the difference between frogs and toads? Toads are a name for a sub-group of frogs that have shorter legs, and bumpy, leathery skin. However, the distinction between frogs and toads tends to be informal or delineated by popular culture instead of scientific taxonomy.
Frogs consume insects like moths and worms, slugs, and snails, and their tadpoles eat algae. They typically spawn their young in water, although a few species of frogs lay their eggs on land. They have specialized survival mechanisms- when threatened, some play dead, or swell up to ward off predators. Their skin not only protects them by secreting chemicals to keep them moist and allow them to breathe underwater, but also includes evolutionary benefits including camouflage to hide, or bright colors as a warning to potential predators. They are also a food source for other animals, including snakes and birds.
Some of the most prominent frogs in Northern Virginia include the Eastern Cricket Frog, the Eastern American Toad, the Fowler’s Toad, Cope’s Gray Treefrog, the Gray Treefrog, the Pickerel Frog, the North American Green Frog, and the North American Bullfrog. To explore more species and listen to their calls so you can identify the amphibians in your own backyard, check out the Virginia Herpetological Society.
Frogs are critical for scientific advancements, due to their specialized skin and advanced toxicology that fights bacteria. They are also crucial to the environment and Virginia ecosystems, as well. However, climate change and habitat loss threaten the well-being and existence of these important animals.
Written by Elizabeth O’Malley – a WRL Transporter and columnist. She loves plants, pottery, and powerlifting.
